1984 Comparison to Brave New World - 3031 Words

Mindless Robots It is interesting how individuals are those who make the greatest advances in mankind, yet it is human nature to want to be a part of something, to conform to those around them. Those who go against their basic instincts and think out loud are those who are first considered mavericks or protestors but over times become heroes to future generations. Which is why being an individual is the greatest think one can be. In both Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and 1984 by George Orwell individuals are punished or casted away from society as they are a danger to the artificially created stability which lies within these societies. In these dystopias measures have been taken to insure individual thinking is no longer possible.†¦show more content†¦This is inequitable because it goes against the will of the individual; it is unjust to instill a new way of thinking simply because it is more convenient to the government. It is unjust because humans are unique creatures, it is essential ly what makes humans the dominant race, however if individuality is removed by instilling a new way of thinking, humans simply become machines wired by the biased opinions and beliefs of a minority population. For these reasons individuality Brave New world also takes place in London; the year is A.F 632(After Ford). This society worships their one god, Henry Ford, the creator of the production line. They encompass his legacy by using a modernized version of the production line to create human life. The center of hatcheries creates thousands of artificially created babies each year. Each baby starts of as an embryo and depending on the pre-chosen caste will be conditioned and nurtured accordingly. Once hatched the babies are conditioned to fit perfectly into their caste, each night they are exposed to recordings of a human voice, speaking suggestions of the government. This technique is called hypnopà ¦dia and is essentially recordings of short messages and suggestions created by the government which are repeated thousands of times while the children are sleeping. The book starts off with the Director of hatcheries giving a tour of the facility to a group of new students. The director explains theShow MoreRelatedCompar ison of A Brave New World and 1984 Essay642 Words   |  3 PagesComparison of A Brave New World and 1984 A Brave New World is a story about Bernard Marx, who rejects his society because he finds that he is not satisfied with living a controlled life. 1984 is a story about Winston who finds forbidden love within the restrictions of his society. These books are both in the same genre, so they can be easily compared and contrasted. The main similarities in the two pieces are the topics of the novels, the endings of the books, the nature of the charactersRead MoreA Brave New World vs. 1984991 Words   |  4 PagesA Brave New World vs. 1984 There are many similarities and differences between Aldous Huxleys A Brave New World and George Orwells 1984. With my analysis of both novels, I have come to the conclusion that they are not as alike as you would believe. A Brave New World is a novel about the struggle of John, ‘the savage, who rejects the society of the Brave New World when and discovers that he could never be truly happy there. 1984 is a novel about Winston, who finds forbidden loveRead MoreHuxley V. Orwell1015 Words   |  5 PagesBrave New World v. 1984 June 8, 2011 It is no question that both Huxley and Orwell were displeased with our societal norms by their predictions in Brave New World and 1984. However, the two famous novels could not have differed more in their visions of tomorrow. Huxley portrays a nation of pleasure addicted, mindless beings merely existing. Orwell illustrated such a strict regime that the pursuit of knowledge would be banned and our voices would be silenced. Imagine living in a world withoutRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Brave New World938 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Two Governments What are the main differences and similarities in how the government in the novel 1984 and the government in the novel Brave New World control the citizens of their society? Both government are tyrannical types of governments with total control over their people. The two novels have many differences and similarities in the methods the government uses to control the people, they use methods such as psychological manipulation, torture, emotional oppression, and t. TheRead MoreThe Brave New World, By Aldous Huxley And 1984 By George Orwell1680 Words   |  7 Pagescompares the two dystopian societies of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and 1984 by George Orwell. He suggests that â€Å"Orwell feared that what we hate will ruin us. Huxley feared that what we love will ruin us† (Postman). The Party of 1984 maintained control of the people by keeping them under constant surveillance, whereas the government of Brave New World kept the citizens so happy, they never felt threatened enough to put up a fight. Both Brave New World and 1984 multiple methods of fear manipulationRead MoreBrave New World and 1984 Compare and Contrast Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesSocieties: Two Twisted Foundations Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and George Orewell’s 1984 were both composed surrounding times of war in the twentieth century. The authors were alarmed by what they saw in society and began to write novels depicting the severe outcomes and possiblities of civilizaton if it continued down its path. Although the two books are very different, they both address many of the same issues and principles. In Brave New World Huxley creates a society which is carefully balancedRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Brave New World1601 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of Brave New World, where members of society originate from a lab and who’s lives are pre-determined by the controllers. The controllers of Huxley’s futuristic society’s fundamental goal is to create an ideal community where every member achieves optimal happiness through the lives that are chosen for them and through the use of a euphoria inducing drug named Soma. The main question this novel poses is whether happiness or freedom is more superior. In George Orwell’s Novel 1984 society restsRead MoreDystopian Society: Comparing Brave New World and 1984 Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesDystopian Society: Comparing Brave New World and 1984 Different societies have risen and fallen in the continual search for the â€Å"perfect† society. The definition of this utopia is in constant flux due to changing times and cultural values. Many works of literature have been written describing a utopian society and the steps needed to achieve it. However, there are those with a more cynical or more realistic view of society that comment on current and future trends. These individuals lookRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley919 Words   |  4 Pages In Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, the social boundaries that we have today regarding sex does not exist, families are obsolete as citizens are made in Bokanovsky’s Process (one that does not require sex meaning, the need for parents is gone), and the government conditions their citizens from early ages to keep stability throughout its regime. Brave New World follows protagonist Bernard (and his hidden love for nature and struggle for freedom) through this soc iety, revealing all of it’s gloryRead MoreDystopian Society -Compare Contrast Brave New World and 19841686 Words   |  7 Pagesand future trends. These individuals look at the problems in society and show how to solve them with the use of control and power. Such a society is considered undesirable and has become known as dystopian society. In the books 1984 by George Orwell and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, both authors depict a dystopian society with some disturbing similarities. Orwell and Huxley each emphasize the use of power to control the masses. This power is always situated with a small group of individuals

The Effect Of Hammonds Cognitive Continuum Theory On The...

Introduction It is undeniable that nurses are continually asked to make a multitude of decisions while caring for their clients. Decisions made by nurses influence the effectiveness of their care. They impact patients’ lives and affect their experiences within the health care system. Understanding how nurses make decisions is important to facilitate further learning and to help them generate conclusions that are the most effective. Research in this area will also have an impact on how new nurses are educated to make decisions. Theories used to guide this research will shape the future of education and make the decisions made by current nurses more in effectual. This paper critiques the use of Hammonds cognitive continuum theory to guide†¦show more content†¦How much variance in CDM can be explained by scores on the independent variables? 4. Is there any difference in CDM models across the four stages of decision making process? Type of research. Bjork and Glenys’ used quantitative research to evaluate the information they collected. Data was analyzed with frequency distribution and inferential statics. For the second research question, nominal data was computed with t-tests and interval data was evaluated using Pearson’s r. Concepts within the cognitive continuum framework where measured using descriptive frequencies, t-test, chi-square test, and linear regression. Research method. Data was collected with the use of a descriptive cross sectional survey. 2095 nurses from four hospitals in Norway where asked to complete a questionnaire on one occasion. The questionnaire included demographic and background variables, a 24 item Nursing Decision Making Instrument, an index of work satisfaction, and author-designed evaluative questions for participants in long-term in-house education programs. The 24 item Nur sing Decision Making Instrument was a shorter version of the original 56 question instrument created by Lauri and Salantera, which was based on the cognitive continuum theory. Theoretical framework Cognitive continuum theory (CCT). Kenneth R. Hammond is Professor Emeritus of Psychology. Building on work by Egon Brunswick, Hammond introduced the Cognitive Continuum Theory (CCT) (FAABS, 2015). In his theory Hammond arguesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 Pages............................................................................................. 4 Research findings ............................................................................................................................. 5 Cognitive development ................................................................................................................. 5 Advertising repetition ..............................................................................................Read Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 PagesCalifornia Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 CALIFORNIA DEPAR TMENT OF EDUCATION †¢ SACRAMENTO, 2010 California Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 Visual and Performing Arts Physical Development Health Publishing Information The California Preschool Learning Foundations (Volume 2) was developed by the Child Development Division, California Department of Education. This publication was edited by Faye Ong, working in cooperation with Laura Bridges and DesireeRead MoreTreatment of Cbt Did7718 Words   |  31 PagesCopyright  © Taylor Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0897-5353 print/1540-4080 online DOI: 10.1080/08975350802716566 Journal 1540-4080 0897-5353 WJFP of Family Psychotherapy, Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2009: pp. 1–25 Psychotherapy FAMILY THERAPY AND MENTAL HEALTH, Edited by Malcolm MacFarlane, M.A. A Systemic Approach to the Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder S. Pais Systemic Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder SHOBHA PAIS Department of Family Medicine, Indiana University, IndianapolisRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesCOGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD This page intentionally left blank COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD DAVID A. CLARK THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London  © 2004 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved Paperback edition 2007 Except as noted, no part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanicalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespublishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions DepartmentRead More Strategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesii Permission to reprint these has been obtained by Pearson Custom Publishing for this edition only. Further reproduction by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, must be arranged with the individual copyright holders noted. This special edition published in cooperation with Pearson Custom Publishing. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustomRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesincreased need for competent graduates with food safety specialties to enter the work force into industry or regulatory positions. Our generation of scientists will be charged with building safer systems to protect public health and charged with laying the foundation for everyone along the farm to fork continuum to engage in food safety dialogue. Much of this work will be supported by generous funders, such as this project was, through the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Healthy Futures, andRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesorganizational competitiveness and success.1 4 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment â€Å" HR should be defined not by what it does, but by what it delivers. DAVID ULRICH Human Resource (HR) management The design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish the organizational goals. As human resources have become viewed as more critical to organizational success, many organizations have realized that it is theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesCourier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission

How Distance Affects Relationships Free Essays

I think distance can effect relationships in several ways, depending on the situation, the kind of relationship, also how or if the relationship is maintained. Fortunently I haven’t had to part from close relationships often, but I can share two examples in which distance had an opposite effect. I grew up in a small town, there was only one school that went from kindergarten thru eighth-grade. We will write a custom essay sample on How Distance Affects Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now So with the exception of the occational â€Å"new student† the people in my class had known me since I was 5 years old. Not only did I see them in class, I saw them after school as well. Because of course Carbonado is essentially one neighborhood, we all shared the same stomping-grounds. I had known my best-friend Kimberly it seemed all my life. We shared everything, sat beside each other in class, were partners in every school project, and were together after school every day until our parents called us home for dinner. Together all the time since Kindergarten. I don’t know how it so severely changed seemingly over-night. After eighth-grade Carbonado students had to then ride a bus for twenty minutes to get to High-School in Buckley. Up to this point it was the biggest change Kim and I were ever faced with, but one thing was the same we were together. For the first time we had classes without each other. No big deal, we just met after and it seemed like nothing was going to change us in the begining. Suddenly being around new people was exciting and soon meeting at passing was just that, passing. But, we still had the bus rides and we sat next to each other sharing every detail of our day like best-friends do. Then came the boys, and their cars, so the bus rides faded away as well. Believe it or not this was only six months into our freshman year! Six months, after all those years. I didn’t make it through that first year before deciding Alternative-School was a better fit for me. It was 5 miles from Kim’s school, but it might as well have been half-way across the world. Years passed, we got cars, other friends, and jobs but we still lived within a square-mile as we had growing up. The actual distance was an illusion, we had grown apart. I still love Kim with all my heart, but when we have our yearly chat on the phone or I run into her at the gas station or the post ffice our conversation feels more like â€Å"proper proceedure†. I know that we still do have a relationship of sorts, it’s just not the intimate bond we once shared. Distance I’m sure harms more relationships than it helps, but I think in some situations it effects can build a stonger bond. This is especially true in the relationship between my dad. My father is t he first man I ever loved and I am his first born child. I was born in 1984 with several holes in my heart. I had multiple proceedures including open-heart surgery before my first birthday. My parents were 19 and 21 years old and the surgeries I had undergone had only been sucessfull a few years prior. It was an emotional roller-coaster for them to endure. I believe coming close to loosing me contributed to the close relationship we shared as I was growing up. I can still remember what his truck sounded like coming up our street when he came home from work, and the smell of the de-grease soap he used to was his hands for dinner. I remember thinking of him during my school day, trying so hard on all my work because he always told me I could do anything. I couldn’t wait to show him art-work, science projects, and report cards. I was always rewarded with kind words and a proud smile as I followed him into his garage where he fondly displayed my achievements. Along the way whenever I had any trouble, he could explain things in a way that made perfect sense. He understood me. Not only did I feel loved by his actions, I knew I was loved by his words. As time went by it became obvious my brothers and dad shared more common interests so, sometimes I was left behind. Somehow my he always found a way to spend special time with me too, even if that meant taking me to the mall or going to a movie he would rather not see. My teen-years hit our relationship like an earthquake, a shaking of the ground caused by the shifting of my priorities. Suddenly my friends were the most important thing in my world. I became decietful, disrespectful, and I felt my dad just didn’t understand me anymore. This constant clash lingered throughout the final years of my adolescence, until I was finally free. My liberation came in the form of a one-bedroom apartment in the â€Å"big ity† of Kent. My boyfriend and I living off of minimum wage, having a diet consisting of Top-Ramen and canned soup was only fun for so long. A couple of years later I was missing the home-cooked meals and the home-town feeling I’d known all my life. Above all I missed my family. I got laid-off from my job and I didn’t know what to do. The next morning there was a kno ck at my door, I was barely awake. I rolled out of bed and staggered thru my dark apartment to get the door. It was my mom, â€Å"get dressed your dad got you a job, a good one† she said. When she told me it was at a machine shop my stomach dropped â€Å"I can’t work there! † i said. Then my mom said I should at least check it out, it was for more money and it was worth a try. I entered into the welcome office and it calmed my nerves some. I shook the managers hand and he offered me what sounded like an office job, I accepted. Then he took me to my work area, through these heavy doors, I was on the shop floor, sparks flying, machines running and grease everywhere. I thought about telling him no but something stopped me. I saw my dad in his work area and when he saw me he had the happiest look on his face. As we approched him I saw family photos and a card I had made him 15 years prior in the top of his toolbox. I could not let him down. We had lunch and he gave me the same encouraging words he gave me growing up. It gave me the strength I needed. We had lunch together for the next 2 years and got to know each other in a differant way. I truly believe the distance from my family allowed me to grow, and had a very positive effect on my relationship with my father. Our bond is unbreakable and I know now nothing can change that. How to cite How Distance Affects Relationships, Papers

Sacred MUSIC Essay Example For Students

Sacred MUSIC Essay One of the first ways in which prehistoric humans communicated was by sound. Sounds represented concepts including food and tools. Sounds assumed their meaning by convention?namely, by the use to which they were consistently put. Combining parts of sound allowed representation of more complex concepts and gradually led to the development of speech and eventually to spoken natural languages. How the brain interprets information (on the level of the neurons) The brain consists of billions of neurons. Once a stimulus is perceived by the senses, it sends the information to the brain or he nervous system. Such information passes through the neurons. Depending on the kind of information the brain receives, the neurons release chemical agents in the brain to stimulate neighboring neurons and thus produce a particular experience in the individual. Human behavior is highly affected by the stimuli it receives from the environment. Whether the perception of these stimuli is on the conscious or subconscious level, nevertheless, external behavior is often affected and patterned by what we see, hear, or touch. Studies on ergonomics reveal that certain types of music can affect behavior. For instance, upbeat music can increase the purchasing behavior of consumers. That is why upbeat sounds are often heard in malls. Slow melodic songs increase intimacy. That is why we hear violin strums in restaurants where most lovers dine. In addition, studies have shown that listening to classical music can cause the release of the neurotransmitter Serotonin in the brain. Serotonin produces a calming effect in the individual causing the person to feel at peace and free from emotional turmoil. A similar effect is most probably achieved when listening to Sacred Music. The holiness and sanctity of such a profound type of USIA can most likely stimulate the release of neurotransmitters that make the person feel like being lifted up into another realm the realm of the Divine. Music as an experience (theories on aesthetics, specifically musical experience and interpretation) Music is an art. Emotion plays a crucial role both in the enjoyment of art and in establishing the value of art. Art and nature, as well as music appeal primarily to our emotions: they awaken within us feelings of sympathy, or emotional associations, which are both pleasant in themselves and also instructive. We are made familiar with emotional capabilities, and, through this imaginative exercise, our responses to the world become illuminated and refined. Thus, music is not only seen as an end in itself but it is a means too higher end. In a profound and significant sense that distinguishes art from all its false substitutes Understanding seems to be a prerequisite to the full experience of art, and this has suggested to many critics and philosophers that art is not so much an object of sensory experience as an instrument of knowledge. In particular, music seems to have the power both to represent reality and to express motion. Some thinkers would argue that it is through appreciating the properties of representation and expression that we recognize the meaning of art, specifically music. The most popular approach to this concept of understanding is through a theory of art as a form of symbolism. In other words, art symbolizes reality. Thus, pertaining to music, music symbolizes the reality it represents. For instance, a painting of the Eiffel Tower in a way represents the reality of this great structure, so does certain types of music. Sacred Music for example symbolizes the serenity and oiliness of God, as well as the souls longing for such a divine union. This is a description of the Eiffel Tower is but different than actually seeing its picture. Aside from symbolism is the concept of Expression. It is widely recognized that abstract (I. E. , nonrepresentational) art forms?music, abstract painting, architecture?may yet contain meaningful utterances, and most frequently philosophers and critics use terms such as expression in order to describe these elusive meanings. .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 , .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 .postImageUrl , .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 , .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989:hover , .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989:visited , .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989:active { border:0!important; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989:active , .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989 .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua30923b773631f5ef08ca1ec43c13989:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Coldplay albulm review EssayMusic, in particular, is often said to be an expression of emotion and to gain much of its significance from that. Expression in such a case is unlike representation, according to many philosophers, in that it involves no descriptive component. An expression of grief does not describe grief but rather presents it, as it might be presented by a face or a gesture. Expression must be distinguished from evocation. To say that a piece of music expresses melancholy is not to say that it evokes (arouses) melancholy. To describe a piece of music as expressive of melancholy is to give a reason for listening to it; to describe it as arousing melancholy is to give a reason for avoiding it. Music that is utterly blank expresses nothing, but it may arouse melancholy. ) Expression, where it exists, is integral to the aesthetic character and merit of whatever possesses it. Nonetheless, it is not only content that is understood (or misunderstood) by the attentive recipient. There is also form, by which term we may denote all those features of a work of art that compose its unity and individuality as an object of sensory experience. Consider music. In most cases when a listener complains that he does not understand a work of music, he means, not that he has failed to grasp its expressive content, but that the work has failed to cohere for him as a single and satisfying object of experience. He may put the point (somewhat misleadingly) by saying that he has failed to grasp the language or logic of the composition he hears. What matters, however, is that the appreciation of music (as of the other arts) depends upon the perception of certain unities and upon feeling the inherent order and reasonableness in a sequence (in this case, a sequence of tones). It is this perception of order that is fundamental to understanding art. And with this reception, the individual is said to be affected by it cognitively, affectively and behaviorally. Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. The first regards art and the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moral good, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but as ends in themselves. It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locate the value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it. Art is held to be a form of education, perhaps an education of the emotions.